Bunion surgery, or bunionectomy, is a procedure to correct bunions, which are bony bumps that form at the base of the big toe. The surgery aims to alleviate pain, correct the deformity, and restore normal foot function. It involves various techniques, such as osteotomy (realigning the bone), exostectomy (removing the bunion), and arthrodesis (joint fusion). Recovery typically includes a period of immobilization, pain management, and physical therapy to ensure proper healing and regain mobility.
Types of Bunion Surgery
Osteotomy
Description: This is the most common type of bunion surgery, where the surgeon cuts and realigns the bone.
Procedure: Small incisions are made to access the bone, which is then cut and repositioned. The bone segments are fixed in place using screws, pins, or plates.
Recovery: Requires a period of immobilization and limited weight-bearing on the foot.
Exostectomy
Description: This procedure involves removing the bunion without realigning the bone.
Procedure: The bony bump is shaved off. This is often combined with other procedures like soft tissue correction to balance the joint.
Recovery: Generally has a quicker recovery time but may not address the underlying structural issues causing the bunion.
Arthrodesis
Description: This procedure involves fusing the bones in the big toe joint.
Procedure: The damaged joint surfaces are removed, and the bones are fixed together with screws or plates to fuse them.
Recovery: Requires a longer recovery period as the bones need to fuse together, but it provides a permanent solution for severe bunions and arthritis.
Post-operative Care
Immobilization: The foot is often immobilized using a cast, boot, or splint to protect the surgical site.
Pain Management: Medications are prescribed to manage pain and inflammation.
Rehabilitation: Physical therapy exercises to restore mobility, strength, and function to the foot.